Particulate matter refers to mobile, undissolved particles other than gas bubbles that are unintentionally present in pharmaceuticals or vaccines injected into the human body. Particulate matter in parenteral drugs / vaccines has been recognized as a risk to patients. Particulates can come from the environment, primary packaging materials, formulation ingredients, interactions between the formulation and the product […]
Note-The images given for representation in this blog are taken from Google Images. Many thanks for Google.
Introduction International shipping of vaccines is the first leg of the complex journey that vaccines undertake to reach the end users in a country. Particular challenges include the size and weight of packages, implementation of quality control checks at reception, ensuring environmental sustainability, and maintaining required temperatures during the journey. Air freight currently remains the […]
The basis of expiry date in drug / vaccine label is based on the conducted stability study. There are guidances for the stability testing study. For the pharmaceutical product, the guidance by WHO is “Stability testing of active pharmaceutical ingredients and finished pharmaceutical products”, Annex 2 in the World Health Organization [WHO] Technical Report Series, […]
Earth quakes occur often in Indonesia, since it falls under the seismic zone. Once there was a big earth quake and there was no power for many days. Due to the unavailability of power, vaccines stored in refrigerator could not be assessed, whether those vaccines can be used or not. So, all the vaccines were […]
Marie Curie was a Polish and French physicist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and the only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two scientific fields. She was the first woman to become a professor at the University of […]
Cheiro is considered as a greatest astrologer, the world has ever seen!!. He was the famous Irish astrologer and a colorful occult figure of the early 20th century. He read palms and told the fortunes of famous celebrities. One evening a gentleman drove upto Cheiro and asked if he would drive out with him and meet a […]
Chakra means “spinning wheel” and “vyuha” means formation. Hence, Chakravyuha means the puzzled arrangement of soldiers that keeps moving in the form of a spinning wheel. Rotation of soldiers is very similar to helix of a screw commonly seen in watches. The Chakravyuha, is a multi-tier defensive formation that looks like a disc [chakra] when […]